Investor (2024)

Who is an Investor?

An investor is an individual that puts money into an entity such as a business for a financial return. The main goal of any investor is to minimize risk and maximize return. It is in contrast with a speculator who is willing to invest in a risky asset with the hopes of getting a higher profit.

Investor (1)

There are many types of investors out there. Some invest in startups hoping that the company will grow and prosper; they are also referred to as venture capitalists. In addition, there are those who put their money into a business in exchange for part ownership in the company. Some also invest in the stock market in return for dividend payments.

What is Investing?

The act of putting money into a business or organization to earn a profit is called investing. With a small business, an investor takes on the additional risk of making little to no profit as the business may or may not succeed. However, with a publicly traded company, there is a wealth of information available on the company’s financial position that will allow the investor to make a more calculated decision and enter and exit the market as they please. In the U.S, the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) regulates the investment risk in publicly traded companies.

Types of Investors

1. Retail or Individual Investor

A retail or individual investor is someone who invests in securities and assets on their own, usually in smaller quantities. They typically buy stocks in round numbers such as 25. 50, 75 or 100. The stocks they buy are part of their portfolio and do not represent those of any organization.

However, many individual investors make trades based on their emotions. They let fear and greed dictate the stocks they buy. It is not the most optimal way to trade as stock markets are incredibly volatile, and it is often hard to predict the direction in which the stock will move.

2. Institutional Investor

An institutional investor is a company or organization that invests money to buy securities or assets such as real estate. Unlike individual investors who buy stocks in publicly traded companies on the stock exchange, institutional investors purchase stock in hedge funds, pension funds, mutual funds, and insurance companies. They also make substantial investments in the companies, very often reaching millions in dollars in value. The institutional investor is not the beneficiary of the earnings from the investment, but the company as a whole act as a beneficiary.

However, according to the UK’s HM Revenue and Customs Office, an institutional investor can either invest on behalf of others or in their own capacity. If they invested using their account, then they would not be considered an institutional investor. While some people own their shares, others own them through institutional investors who invest their money in other savings or investment accounts.

For example, a portion of many people’s paychecks is given to a pension fund each month. The pension fund uses the money to buy other financial assets to earn a profit. In this case, the pension fund is an institutional investor as they are buying shares on behalf of the people who invested their money in the fund.

Since institutional investors buy securities and financial assets at a much greater scale than their retail counterparts, they often exert a significant influence over the financial markets and the economies of nations. They are also a major source of capital for companies that are publicly listed on the stock exchange.

Individual vs. Institutional Investors

The two types of investors differ in a number of ways, including:

1. Access to resources

Institutional investors are very large companies and can take advantage of numerous resources such as financial professionals to oversee their portfolio on a daily basis, allowing them to enter and exit the market at the right time. Individual investors need to do the same on their own through research and available data.

2. Decision-making

With institutional investors, the investments are usually overseen by different individuals in the organization. For example, the board of directors makes the decision-making process more challenging as people are likely to propose different ideas on what trades to make. As an individual investor, you are your boss and the sole decision maker when it comes to buying and selling shares.

3. Identifying investment opportunities

Since institutional investors are able to access a large number of resources and capital, they are privy to investment structures and products available before anyone else. By the time investment opportunities reach from the hedge fund or private equity funds to the individual investor level, the rest are able to use second-hand investment strategies that have already been implemented by the large institutions.

Additional Resources

Thank you for reading CFI’s guide on Investor. To keep learning and advancing your career, the following resources will be helpful:

Investor (2024)

FAQs

How do you answer an investor question? ›

Be prepared to answer questions about your business model, your competition, and your financial projections. Investors will want to know how you plan to make money and how you stack up against the competition. They'll also want to see that you have a solid plan for growing the business and generating profits.

How to respond to an investment offer? ›

Respond professionally and respectfully, but remain cautious

This person presumably thinks well enough of your business to contact you, so show some appreciation. Plus, even if you are not interested in selling now, you may change your mind in the future and you do not want to create ill-will.

What an investor wants to hear? ›

So they're going to want to know exactly why you need the cash and exactly what you plan to do with it. They'll also want to know when they can expect a return; that should be a part of your business plan. Investors will also be looking for an exit strategy, and you need to think about that in advance.

What is a good sentence for investor? ›

He's a shrewd investor and refineries make money. We will continue working to maintain investor confidence. Making these changes permanent could damage investor confidence at a time when investment will be crucial to a recovery. That badly hurt business and investor confidence.

What are the 4 C's of investing? ›

Trade-offs must be weighed and evaluated, and the costs of any investment must be contextualized. To help with this conversation, I like to frame fund expenses in terms of what I call the Four C's of Investment Costs: Capacity, Craftsmanship, Complexity, and Contribution.

What is the 4 rule in investing? ›

The 4% rule entails withdrawing up to 4% of your retirement in the first year, and subsequently withdrawing based on inflation. Some risks of the 4% rule include whims of the market, life expectancy, and changing tax rates. The rule may not hold up today, and other withdrawal strategies may work better for your needs.

How do you ask an investor for money? ›

Your pitch should be clear, concise, and persuasive. It should also be tailored to each individual investor. Investors are going to want to know your numbers, so it's important that you're prepared to share this information. This includes your sales projections, financial statements, and any other relevant data.

How do you respond to an investor rejection? ›

Regardless, the best way to respond to investor rejection is with a polite message thanking them for their time. Even if you haven't found a new source of funding, it's never a bad idea to invest in your network as a startup founder.

What is an investor simple explanation? ›

An investor is an individual that puts money into an entity such as a business for a financial return. The main goal of any investor is to minimize risk and maximize return. It is in contrast with a speculator who is willing to invest in a risky asset with the hopes of getting a higher profit.

What is an investor in your own words? ›

An investor is any person or other entity (such as a firm or mutual fund) who commits capital with the expectation of receiving financial returns.

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